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Incidence and Properties of Thermosensitive TRP Ion Channels in Cellular Models of Sensory Neurones
Loudová, Leona ; Vlachová, Viktorie (advisor) ; Boušová, Kristýna (referee)
Primary afferent sensory neurons enable all living organisms to survive in their environment and react to dangerous stimuli, including noxious and irritant chemicals, temperature, and pressure. These pseudo-unipolar neurons represent a heterologous population that, depending on functional properties, morphology, receptor equipment, degree of myelination, and conduction velocity, determines the intensity at which a stimulus is converted to an electrical signal that is then conducted to the central nervous system to elicit defensive response. The cell bodies of the peripheral sensory neurons are localized in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and cell lines derived from these neurons are intensively used not only to study the mechanisms of pain, but also to rationally search for substances with potential analgesic effect. The main goal of this bachelor's thesis is to summarize the current research on molecular mechanisms of nociception using cell lines derived from DRG neurons with a focus on a specific group of temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential (thermoTRP) ion channels. The aim is to present currently available studies focusing on cellular and molecular differences that result from different methodological approaches to the preparation and cultivation of cell cultures, especially in the...
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Modulation of spinal nociceptive mechanisms under pathological conditions
Mužík, David ; Špicarová, Diana (advisor) ; Smejkalová, Terézia (referee)
Pain is a crucial component of the body's innate defenses, which helps us to respond to the damage that is threatening or imminent. If the pain persists even after the injury has healed, or arises for no apparent reason, it itself becomes harmful. Nociception begins with the detection of a noxious stimulus that irritates free nerve endings on the peripheral projections of spinal ganglion neurons. If the stimulus induces depolarization of the cell and an action potential forms, information of the stimulus is conducted by thinly myelinated Aδ fibers, or unmyelinated C fibers to the spinal cord dorsal horn. Here, the first synapses of sensory pathways are located, which allow the transmission of nociception to secondary afferent neurons, and these further direct the information to the higher centers of the CNS. Synapses in the dorsal horn are key to modulating nociceptive signaling, in which the endocannabinoid system, including endogenous cannabinoids and their receptors, plays a significant role. However, under pathological conditions such as the development of neuropathic pain or neuroinflammation, changes in the expression and function of agonists and receptors of the endocannabinoid system occur. These changes are of great importance in the onset and persistence of pathological pain. The study of...
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